hi....muskan here...i will just put a quick review on vertical and horizontal translations......

Vertical translations:

When the graph moves up and down by k units ( k >0)

We can determine the translation by the following equations:

1. y= f(x)+k the graph shifts up k units




2. y=f(x)-k the graph shifts down by k units

The coordinates of point (x,y) translate to (x,y±k)

The values of x doesnot change.

for eq. graphs of y=f(x) and y=f(x)-2 is shown in 1 fig.

Horizontal translations:

When graph moves left or right by k units

we can determine the translation by following equations:

y=f(x-h) the graph shifts right by h units

y=f(x+h) the graph shifts left by h units

The coordinates of point (x,y) translate to (x±h,y)

The values of y doesnot change.

for eq. the graphs of y=f(x) and y=f(x+3) is shown in 2 fig.